The calendar
The Islamic months
The Hijri year is twelve lunar months, about eleven days shorter than the solar year, so the seasons of worship travel through the seasons of the earth. Four months are sacred; one holds Ramadan; each has its own character. The current month is highlighted.
1 Muharram sacred
مُحَرَّم
Muharram sacred
Muharram is the first month of the Islamic year and one of the four sacred months in Islam. It is a time of reflection on the new year and increased worship. The 10th of Muharram, known as Ashura, is a day of great significance.
This month, try to:
- Fasting on Ashura (10th Muharram) expiates sins of the previous year
- Fasting on the 9th and 10th together is recommended
- Increase voluntary fasting throughout this month
- Reflect on the sacrifice of the Prophet's family at Karbala
Good deeds and sins are both multiplied in this sacred month.
2 Safar
صَفَر
Safar
Safar is the second month of the Islamic year. It is an ordinary month with no specific rituals, but it is a good time to maintain your regular worship and good deeds.
This month, try to:
- Continue your regular prayers and dhikr
- Maintain consistency in your worship
- Use this quieter month to build good habits
3 Rabi' al-Awwal
رَبِيع الأَوَّل
Rabi' al-Awwal
Rabi' al-Awwal is the third month of the Islamic year and one of the most beloved months for Muslims, as it is the month in which the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born. Many Muslims increase their prayers upon the Prophet and study his blessed life during this month.
This month, try to:
- Increase sending blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ (Salawat)
- Read about the life and character of the Prophet ﷺ
- Reflect on the mercy that the Prophet ﷺ was to all of mankind
- Share the story of the Prophet ﷺ with others
4 Rabi' al-Thani
رَبِيع الثَّاني
Rabi' al-Thani
Rabi' al-Thani is the fourth month of the Islamic year. It is an ordinary month, a good time to focus on your daily worship and reflect on your progress.
This month, try to:
- Maintain your prayer routine
- Focus on quality of worship over quantity
- Spend time with family and community
5 Jumada al-Awwal
جُمَادَى الأُولَى
Jumada al-Awwal
Jumada al-Awwal is the fifth month of the Islamic year. Use this time to deepen your knowledge of Islam and strengthen your connection with Allah.
This month, try to:
- Increase your recitation of the Quran
- Learn a new dua or dhikr this month
- Give in charity regularly
6 Jumada al-Thani
جُمَادَى الثَّانِيَة
Jumada al-Thani
Jumada al-Thani is the sixth month of the Islamic year. With Rajab approaching, this is a good time to begin preparing yourself spiritually.
This month, try to:
- Prepare your heart for the sacred month of Rajab ahead
- Strengthen your daily prayers
- Spend time in reflection and gratitude
7 Rajab sacred
رَجَب
Rajab sacred
Rajab is the seventh month and one of the four sacred months. It is also the month of the Isra' and Mi'raj, the miraculous night journey of the Prophet ﷺ from Makkah to Jerusalem and his ascension to the heavens. Muslims traditionally increase their worship and seek forgiveness during Rajab.
This month, try to:
- Increase voluntary fasting
- Increase istighfar (seeking forgiveness)
- Reflect on the miracle of the Isra' and Mi'raj
- Prepare your heart for Sha'ban and Ramadan ahead
Good deeds and sins are both multiplied in this sacred month.
8 Sha'ban
شَعْبَان
Sha'ban
Sha'ban is the eighth month and was especially beloved by the Prophet ﷺ, who used to fast more in this month than any other outside of Ramadan. It is the month directly before Ramadan and a time to prepare your body, mind, and heart for the blessed month ahead. On the 15th of Sha'ban, it is believed that Allah raises the deeds of His servants.
This month, try to:
- Increase voluntary fasting to prepare for Ramadan
- Increase Quran recitation
- Perform extra night prayers
- Pay off any missed fasts (qada') before Ramadan begins
9 Ramadan
رَمَضَان
Ramadan
Ramadan is the ninth month and the holiest month of the Islamic year. It is the month in which the Quran was revealed. Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, increase their prayer and Quran recitation, and seek Laylat al-Qadr, the Night of Power, in the last ten nights.
This month, try to:
- Fast every day from Fajr to Maghrib
- Pray Tarawih every night
- Complete the Quran at least once
- Seek Laylat al-Qadr in the last 10 nights, especially odd nights
- Give generously in Zakat and Sadaqah
10 Shawwal
شَوَّال
Shawwal
Shawwal is the tenth month, beginning with Eid al-Fitr. The Prophet ﷺ encouraged fasting six days of Shawwal after Eid, saying it is as if one fasted the entire year.
This month, try to:
- Celebrate Eid al-Fitr with gratitude and family
- Fast 6 days of Shawwal to complete the year's reward
- Maintain the good habits built during Ramadan
- Continue the generosity of Ramadan
11 Dhul Qa'dah sacred
ذُو القَعْدَة
Dhul Qa'dah sacred
Dhul Qa'dah is the eleventh month and one of the four sacred months. Historically it was a month of truce, when travel to Makkah was safe. It is a time to prepare spiritually for Dhul Hijjah.
This month, try to:
- Increase worship in this sacred month
- Begin preparing for the blessed days of Dhul Hijjah ahead
- Avoid sins, they are heavier in sacred months
Good deeds and sins are both multiplied in this sacred month.
12 Dhul Hijjah sacred
ذُو الحِجَّة
Dhul Hijjah sacred
Dhul Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic year. The first ten days are the greatest days of the entire year, even greater in reward than the last ten nights of Ramadan according to many scholars. It is the month of Hajj, the Day of Arafah, and Eid al-Adha.
This month, try to:
- Fast the first nine days, especially the Day of Arafah (9th)
- Say Takbir frequently: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illAllah, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lillahi'l-hamd
- Increase all good deeds in the first 10 days
- Make Udhiyah (sacrifice) if able
- Pray Eid al-Adha and follow its Sunnahs
The first 10 days are the greatest days of the year for good deeds. Good deeds and sins are also multiplied throughout this sacred month.